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Thursday, May 19, 2011

საქართველოს შესახებ

                  

saqarTvelo saxelmwifoa, romelic ZiriTadad qarTvelebiTaa dasaxlebuli. X saukuneSi saqarTvelo eTnikur-kulturuli cneba iyo da gulisxmobda qarTis tomisa da qarTuli kulturuli egidiT yvela qarTveluri da zogierTi araqarTveluri tomis kulturul erTobliobas, mogvianebiT ki – maT eTnikur-kulturul-religiur-socialur-ekonomikur-politikur erTobliobas, romlis saboloo forma -erTiani saxelmwifo- XI saukunis dasawyisSi Camoyalibda. XII-XIV saukuneebSi saqarTvelod iwodeboda ukve mTliani qristianuli da nawilobriv muslimanuri kavkasia. XIV saukuneSi saxelmwifos samefo-samravroebad daSlis Semdeg terminma ,,saqarTvelo,, dakarga politikuri Sinaarsi. ucxoelebisaTvis igi ufro metad eTno-geografiuli cneba gaxda(gruzia, vrastan, gurjistan da sxva).   

saqarTvelo erT-erTi uZvelesi qveyanaa 3 aTaswlovani istoriiT. pirveli qarTuli saxelmwifoebi diaoxi saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleTiT) da kolxa (Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT sanapiro) jer kidev Zv.w. XII-VIIIs.s. arsebobda. Zv.w. VI-IV ss. saqarTvelos teritoriaze Camoyalibda egrisisa da qarTlis samefoebi. qarTlis samefo gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda Zv.w. IV-III ss., farnavazis mefobis dros. am dros qarTlis samefos dedaqalaqi iyo mcxeTa, mTavari RvTaeba - armazi. V s. vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis periods ukavSirdeba Tbilisis warmoqmna da eklesiaTa gacxovelebuli mSenebloba mTeli qveynis teritoriaze. VII-IX ss. saqarTveloSi arabebi batonobdnen. swored arabebTan brZolaSi Camoyalibda erTiani feodaluri qarTuli monarqia bagrat III-is meTaurobiT. XI-XII ss., daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris mefobis dros, qveynis sabrZolo warmatebebma da brwyinvale miRwevebma ekonomikasa da kulturaSi saqarTvelo uZlieres saxelmwifod aqcia. Tamaris mefobis dros saqarTveloSi gauqmebuli iyo sikvdiliT dasja. swored am periodSi daiwera rusTavelis genialuri “vefxistyaosan XIII saukunidan iwyeba mongolTa saukunovani batonoba da Temurlengis gamanadgurebeli Semosevebi.  XV s. saqarTvelo daiSala samefo-samTavroebad. qveyanas dasavleTidan Turq-osmalTa uZlieresi saxelmwifo gaumezoblda, romelmac saqarTvelo sabolood moswyvita dasavleT evropas. samxreT-aRmosavleTiT ramdenime Turqmanuli saxelmwifo Camoyalibda, xolo CrdiloeTidan kavkasias ruseTi moadga. XVI-XVIII ss. qarTuli samefos samTavroebi TavganwirviT ibrZodnen damoukideblobisaTvis. iran-osmaleTis dausrulebeli omebi  anadgurebda qveyanas. XVIII s. miwuruls erekle II bevrs ecada, aRedgina qveynis erTianoba, magram man es mxolod qarTlsa da kaxeTSi SesZlo da isic droebiT. 1783 wels georgievskis xelSekrulebiT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sevida, 1801 wels ki ruseTma qarTl-kaxeTis samefo gaauqma da Tavis imperias SeuerTa. sul male dasavleT saqarTveloSic da mTels kavkasiaSi ruseTis koloniuri reJimi damyarda. 1917 wlis ruseTis revoluciis Sedegad droebiT ganTavisuflebuli saqarTvelo bolSevikebma daipyres. srul damoukideblobas qveyanam mxolod sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg miaRwia.1991 wlis sabWoTa putCisa da ssrk-is daSlis Semdeg, saqarTvelom kvlav moipova damoukidebloba (oficialurad gamocxadda 1991 wlis 26 maiss).  - 1995 wels saqarTvelom axali konstitucia miiRo da saprezidento respublikad gamocxadda.ic”.


saqarTvelo ori didi kulturis - aRmosavlurisa da dasavluris - gzagasayarze mdebareobs. amitomac qarTuli kultura aRmosavluri, dasavluri da adgilobrivi tradiciebis erTgvar nazavs warmoadgens. amaze mowmoben arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad napovni antikuri xanis arqiteqturuli Zeglebic.  antikurma xanam dagvitova sasaxleTa, cixe-simagreTa da qalaqTa naSTebi (ufliscixe, armazi, urbnisi, vani da sxv.), oqromWedlobis, keramikuli warmoebis, mozaikuri mxatvrobisa da xelovnebis sxva dargTa SesaniSnavi nimuSebi. qarTuli eklesiebis mTavari stilia bazilika da centraluri gumbaTi. uZvelesi bazilikebi IV-VI saukuneebiT TariRdeba, centraluri gumbaTis stili ki VI saukuneSi gabatonda da ganviTarebis umaRles wertils XI-XII ss. miaRwia. originaluri, harmoniuli da mravalxmiania qarTuli musika Tavisi sagaloblebiT, xalxuri da qalaquri folkloriT, xolo qarTuli cekvis sinatife qarTul yofasa da tradiciebze migviTiTebs.

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